In this paper, the authors study the origin and development as well as the cultural characteristics and social value of the bamboo pole dance. Researches of the authors show that the bamboo dance can be regarded as art and a mean for physical education. It has specific cultural characteristics and spirit, which contributes to carry forward and spread the excellent national culture of Li nationality. By using the method of documentation and field research, the authors investigate the inheritance of bamboo pole dance and provide reference for the inheritance and development of traditional ethnic sports. This research may contribute to promote the inheritance and development of the bamboo pole dance activities better, and facilitate the cultural heritage protection of the Li Nationality in Hainan Province.